Specializing in drafting and reviewing contracts to ensure legal compliance and protect your interests.

Offering global services including M&A, business registration, company structure navigation, and legal compliance in 40+ countries.

Providing comprehensive support for startups with legal compliance for their expansion strategy, utility or security token legal considerations, corporate services, investment documents, and DAO creation.

Proactively identifying compliance risks to prevent regulatory issues and minimize fines and disputes.

Providing strategic guidance in licensing, documentation preparation, and regulatory communication for FinTech businesses.

Offering comprehensive tax solutions through meticulous analysis and personalized recommendations.

Providing thorough protection services for IP, including patents, copyrights, registration, and DMCA complaints.

Ensuring compliance with regulations like GDPR, CCPA, LGTD, and others to safeguard personal data and integrate robust measures for industry-standard compliance.

Specializing in payment system selection and legal integration, including cryptocurrency or high-risk processors, and gateways or payment orchestras, chargeback management solutions with support in policy formulation and documentation

Handling disputes from pre-trial negotiations to court enforcement, guiding clients towards favorable resolutions aligned with their objectives.

- Reducing risks during the project launch - Identifying ways to reduce the volume of compliance requirements - Increasing attractiveness for investors

Selecting the most suitable jurisdiction, taking into account the favorability of the jurisdiction for your type of activity and other important factors.

We have reliable partners in over 40 jurisdictions and a deep understanding of the challenges involved in establishing and maintaining a company in each country. This gives the opportunity to quickly and correctly resolve all the issues, avoiding penalties.

We have a database of financial institutions that can help you open an account and start conducting business in a shorter time frame.

- Meeting European requirements for crypto assets - Reducing the risk of sanctions and fines - Expanding the market

- Protecting client data - Avoiding fines for non-compliance

Professional appearance and legal protection of the website and you as the site operator

Ensuring compliance with MiCA and increasing chances of attracting investors and clients

- Professional legal support at all stages of the ICO - Increasing the likelihood of successful fundraising

Cyprus company formation cost usually begin with €1,200. But, it's worth mentioning, that the final price varies individually depending on factors such as the type of business activity, company size, and company type and others. Moreover, yearly ongoing costs should not be loose sight of, such as taxes, accounting services, office rent and such.

Yes, there are no residency restrictions for shareholders. But please note that a company should have at least one director who is a resident of Cyprus. This need is connected with the fact that, in accordance with the Cypriot Law, management and control of an entity are to be exercised in Cyprus in order for the company to be a tax resident of Cyprus. Being a tax resident allows the company to benefit from favourable tax regime.

The registration process is quite straightforward. First, you will have to reserve your company name. So, that's what you do next is ready all that paperwork, and you submit it for company registration. The majority of times, name reservation and registration applications can be done from a distance, via government services online. But you should also not forget the need to get registered with the tax authorities of Cyprus, once the company incorporation processes are over.

Cyprus has a lot to offer to entrepreneurs - business-friendly surroundings and a favourable tax system. If you make sure you follow local law, company registration and ongoing compliance is not complicated.

Requirements to open a bank account vary by bank. Additionally many companies can choose alternatives like online banks or Electronic Money Institutions (EMIs) instead of traditional banks.

There is no minimum share capital requirement for a Private Limited Company, whereas the minimum share capital for a public company is €25,629.

In Cyprus, an MSA and employment contract are both suitable forms of engagement, and the decision would be based on the particular facts of the case. The type of work, the amount of control the business has and the duration of the project, need to be taken into account. Both formats are acceptable however they have distinct legal, tax and commercial implications. So, that's something you will need to talk to a specialist about before choosing. We can assist you to consider your particular circumstances and choose the best solution.

Any legal person registered in the Republic of Cyprus who has made taxable supplies of goods and services in the past twelve consecutive months, or expects to exceed €15,600 in taxable supplies within the next thirty days, is required to submit a supplementary VAT registration form. After registration, the individual or entity must file VAT returns quarterly (every three months).

The cost of starting a company in Delaware depends on the type of entity being registered. Forming an LLC in Delaware costs $110 in state filing fees, while corporations pay different amounts depending on whether they’re domestic or foreign – with annual report fees typically being $50 or $125. Icon.Partners has special offers for starting a business in Delaware.

A non-resident can start a business in Delaware by creating an LLC or C-Corporation.

Icon.Partners generally recommends a Delaware C-Corp for non-resident founders, but the right choice depends on factors such as your residency, goals, tax setup, and other relevant factors – we’ll help you decide what works best for you.

You do not need a physical address to start a company in Delaware, instead you need a registered agent.

Registering a company in Delaware typically takes around a month, with about three weeks of that time spent obtaining an EIN.

If a company operates in Delaware, it needs to have a business license.

In Delaware, businesses may be required to pay both federal and state income taxes, as well as a state franchise tax, though some exemptions might apply.

Yes, you can start a business in Delaware online by choosing a unique name, appointing a registered agent (we have trusted partners), filing your incorporation documents online, and paying the fees.

Company setup costs in the UAE depend on the different conditions. In Free Zones, prices typically range from AED 15,000 (4,083.85 USD) to AED 40,000 (10,890.28 USD), while Mainland company formation usually costs between AED 20,000 (5,445.14 USd) and AED 50,000 (13,612.85 USD).

Non‑residents can be shareholders, directors or managers and are eligible for residence visas sponsored by their company.

Choose mainland vs free zone and legal form. Select your business activity and reserve a trade name. Apply for initial approval. Prepare and notarize incorporation documents. Lease office space or flexi‑desk. Submit documents and pay government or free‑zone fees. Receive your business license and register with the Chamber of Commerce. Open a corporate bank account.

The UAE offers 100% foreign ownership, no personal income tax, and low corporate tax rates. Businesses benefit from 15 minutes digital setup with the Basher eService, access to residence visas, full currency freedom, and a stable, pro-investment economy.

You will need to provide your trade license, Memorandum or Articles of Association, board resolutions or Power of Attorney, and passports or Emirates IDs of shareholders and authorized signatories to a UAE bank. Complete KYC documentation, fulfill the minimum deposit requirements, and wait for approval, which usually takes 5–10 business days.

Most mainland companies, such as LLCs, have no fixed legal minimum, though practical requirements may apply based on the business activity. In UAE free zones, the minimum capital requirement varies by zone and license category, typically ranging from AED 0 up to AED 300,000 (81,677.10 USD).

In the UAE, working under a service agreement is often cheaper and more flexible for companies. The companies can save on visas, benefits, and end-of-service pay, paying only for specific work delivered. Contractors work independently, so there’s less legal and admin burden. However, it’s crucial to avoid misclassifying employees as contractors to prevent fines.

OAE companies must register for VAT if their annual taxable turnover exceeds AED 375,000 (102,096.37 USD). Registration and return filing are handled through the Federal Tax Authority. ESR applies to businesses engaged in relevant activities such as banking, holding, or shipping. Companies must notify the FTA within six months after the financial year-end and submit an annual ESR report. Both VAT and ESR filings are completed online via the FTA portal.

Yes, foreigners can register a company in Hong Kong and own it 100% without the need to involve a local partner.

Physical presence is not required for setting up a company in Hong Kong - everything can be done remotely.

To register a company in Hong Kong with the Hong Kong registrar, you will need a notarized and apostilled copy of your international passport, national ID or driver’s licence, recent proof of address (in English), a video with ID verification, and proof of source of funds or wealth.

The process of setting up business inHong Kong usually takes 2 to 3 weeks from the moment you have provided us with all the requested documents.

There is no set minimum share capital requirement for Hong Kong business registration; the share capital can be as low as 1 HKD.

Yes, companies in Hong Kong are required to have a local secretary, which can be an individual or a corporation.

To create a company in Hong Kong, you are required to file annual tax returns and can benefit from a favorable tax regime, including low corporate income tax rates

You can register an IBC, fully accessible to both individuals and legal entities from abroad.

Typically, 1–2 weeks for an IBC. Additional time may be needed for bank setup or document certification.

Yes, the entire process for Seychelles IBC formation can be done online without visiting Seychelles.

You’ll need a valid passport, proof of address, and basic KYC documents for each company participant.

Absolutely. Most banks and neobanks accept remote applications for your Seychelles offshore company

Yes. A registered address and licensed agent are mandatory for Seychelles company incorporation.

They include the government renewal fee, registered agent services, and any optional services you’ve added. All are essential to keep your Seychelles IBC in good standing.

Only on income earned within Seychelles. Offshore income is tax-free thanks to the territorial tax system, which is a major advantage of Seychelles offshore company formation.

Yes. There are no nationality or residency barriers for standard sp. z o.o.; standard KYC applies. This makes company registration in Poland accessible to international founders and is often the first step for starting a business in Poland.

S24 company formation in Poland is typically fast once documents are aligned; notary routes depend on agenda and drafting. Realistic windows are planned and VAT and banking are sequenced in parallel.

State fees plus professional support and annual accounting. A fixed quote in EUR is provided after scoping your structure and VAT position for company incorporation Poland.

In most cases no. Company registration in Poland and post-registration procedures are fully remote with appropriate e-signatures; originals are arranged where required.

S24 uses model clauses and all-digital filing for company incorporation in Poland; notarial incorporation supports bespoke Articles, complex investor rights and customized share classes.

KRS is the court register entry (company register in Poland); NIP is the tax ID; REGON is the statistical identifier used for reporting and contracting.

No general local-director requirement for Poland company formation, but it is recommended to have a local director. Substance and management should reflect where strategic control occurs.

Sp. z o.o. requires a modest statutory minimum (set in PLN). The amount can be calibrated for banking and investor optics when you register company in Poland, with all figures quoted in EUR.

Yes, via S24 with qualified e-signatures. This addresses how can i start a business in Poland with a remote-first process, making setting up a business Poland accessible from anywhere.

Yes. Polish entities must keep proper books and meet filing deadlines after company incorporation in Poland. A cloud ledger and monthly reporting setup is essential.

Typically with EU EMIs. Documentation is coordinated for onboarding after company formation in Poland; national/state banks are outside the scope.

Payment/acquiring and e-money fall under EU rules transposed nationally; crypto activities are subject to AML registration and, prospectively, MiCA authorisations; in turn fintech companies also fall under AML requirements as well as CRD, PSD2 and local laws, depending on the type of services When you register company in Poland for fintech or crypto, the required path and timeline will be mapped accordingly.

Foreigners can open a business in Spain by obtaining an identification number and following the established company registration procedure.

The most popular types of companies in Spain are the Limited Liability Company, the Joint Stock Company and the sole proprietorship (self-employed).

Registering a company in Spain usually takes from a few days to a few weeks depending on the completeness of the documents.

It is recommended to hire an accountant for proper accounting and tax reporting.

Businesses in Spain pay corporate tax, value added tax (VAT), social security contributions, and other fees depending on the type of activity.

Yes, in Spain you can open a bank account to deposit authorized capital before the company is officially registered, but only in its name with the mark “under formation".

Yes. But there are forms, like S-corporations, which may not be registered by non-residents.

LLC is a company, owned by members, which has a more flexible management structure. It allows taxing the profit once by the member’s personal taxes. In turn, C-corp is a corporation, allowing it to issue shares, involve investments, but with more demands for management. Also it has so-called double taxation: at the level of the company and the owner.

Both states provide a favorable tax regime. However, Delaware is more popular for venture startups and large corporations, when Wyoming is usually chosen for small businesses.

The state fees can vary depending on the form of the company and the state; they are typically around $100. Although, the additional fees for the registration and registered agent services also vary, and start from $500 and increase according to the scope of services.

With online registration, the time of the Secretary’s approval can take some days. However, the terms can be longer depending on the load level in the state. Moreover, the Secretary's approval still doesn't mean the company is ready to provide services. It is also required to order mail forwarding services, to apply for an EIN (for non-residents, this process can take more than two weeks), and possibly other requirements.

You do not need to live and have a physical address in the USA to register the company. However, you still need to have the address that can be used for the registration, typically it is the registered agent’s address.

As a rule, it is hard to do. The US banks typically require the personal presence or the existence of a real address (with all proofs) in the USA. But, there is also an option to use the payment institutions’ services as an alternative.

Typically, it is necessary to have the owner’s passport, address confirmation, to sign the application form, mail forwarding form, and SS-4 form. But the scope of documents can vary, depending on the specific case.

In order to register an LLC or C-corp, the ITIN is not required. Even so, for LLCs, the ITIN is usually required when submitting the reporting. In turn, each company needs to obtain the EIN.

Yes, it is possible. But you may need to send some documents via the post.

In the case of LLC, the owner shall pay the personal income tax according to the progressive rates (10%-37% on the federal level) and the specific rate at the state level, as well as a self-employment tax. On the other hand, C-corporations pay corporate income tax 21% at the federal level and the applicable rate at the state level. Moreover, there could be taxes on dividends.

Firstly, to prepare the necessary documents, check the available state, the company’s form and name. Then you will need to get the registered address services, to submit the application form, order mail forwarding, and receive the EIN number. There could also be additional steps like registering in the EFTPS system, hiring employees, and others.

In most cases, especially with non-residents the registered agent’s services are required. Particularly to get the possibility of using the US registration address.

In most cases, especially with non-residents the registered agent’s services are required. Particularly to get the possibility of using the US registration address.

To ensure the good standing of the company, it is essential to renew the registered address services, to submit the company reports in time, pay taxes, check the applicability of taxes in other states (like sales tax), and update the corporate documents after the changes. Of course, the companies may have other requirements, depending on the type of activity, investment plans, market conditions, possible licensing requirements, number of employees, and so on.

Yes, the US market has a lot of such businesses. But it should be noted that doing business in different states can have risks for applying the local taxes.

Yes, foreigners are allowed to start a business in Ireland.

Yes, having a registered address in Ireland is mandatory. This must be a physical premises used as the company’s official legal address. It serves for the receipt of correspondence, court summons and other official documentation.

The company registration process usually takes one to two weeks from the time of submission of a complete package of documents.

The procedure for opening a company includes several main steps: Choose a unique company name and check its availability through the CRO portal. Determine the registered address in Ireland. Appoint at least one director and one shareholder. In the absence of an EEA resident director, issue a bond for €25,000. Prepare the company's articles of association with a description of the company's objectives, capital and signatures of shareholders. Appoint a company secretary. After successful registration, a Certificate of Incorporation is issued. Register with the Revenue for relevant taxes. Open a corporate bank account.

A beneficial owner is a natural person who directly or indirectly owns or controls more than 25% of the shares or votes of a company, or exercises control through other means (for example, agreements between shareholders or the right to appoint management).

A company may be required to register for the following taxes: Corporation Tax VAT - mandatory if the annual turnover exceeds €42,500 (services) or €75,000 (goods). Income Tax - for self-employed individuals, freelancers, partnerships. PAYE, USC, PRSI - payroll taxes for employees and employers etc.

LTD is a separate legal entity with limited liability of its shareholders. It is fully liable for its own obligations. Branch Office is not a separate legal entity, acts on behalf of the parent company, which is fully liable.

Every company in Ireland is required to have a secretary. Responsibilities include: timely filing of annual reports with the CRO; keeping the company seal; organizing board meetings and keeping minutes; maintaining registers of members, directors, beneficiaries; interacting with shareholders; advising directors on corporate governance.

Employer of Record is a service that allows a company to officially employ personnel in Ireland without registering a legal entity. EOR takes on administrative functions: execution of contracts, tax deductions, payment of salaries, compliance with legal regulations.

Usually, incorporation of a BVI company classically takes up to 3 business days, unless you are interested in setting up a business in a regulated sector. In that case, the licensing process can be prolonged in time and takes approximately 4 to 6 weeks, sometimes even longer if the package of documents required to get a license requires additional review.

The bare minimum to set up a BVI company is to have one shareholder and one director. If you want to be the sole shareholder and, at the same time, be a director in the company, you surely can do that. Additionally, your company name needs to be available to be registered. That’s why the need ot company registration search in the British Virgin Islands exists.

Depending on the bank where you want to open an account. Some of them do require a person to be physically present at the bank and go through the KYC process. But what’s cool about the BVI, it has alternative options. So, there are plenty of them where you do not need to meet in person to open an account.

Compared to other popular traditional jurisdictions with offshore status, the cost of company formation in the BVI isn’t the cheapest. Approximately, the price of company registration in the British Virgin Islands starts from 1450 USD up to 3500 USD (depending on the list of services you want us to conduct).

Depending, what information you mean. Generally, the information about the company’s registered office, registration number, company status, date of incorporation, and authorized capital is considered public. Which means you can access all this data about any and all BVI companies. You can check it yourselves before registration by searching any company via the Registrar of Companies in the BVI, and look at the list of data that appears from the search. At the same time, information about shareholders and beneficial ownership isn’t publicly available, and can mostly be viewed by the court only upon its request.

To say shortly, all companies and limited partnerships registered or incorporated in the BVI need to conduct an annual review. Such a review has to assess if the company has carried on any relevant activity; the company is considered a tax resident of the BVI, and if not, what jurisdiction it is, and an evaluation of substance in the BVI for the company and the need for its demonstration.

Yes, you definitely can.

So, nothing special. Basic documents are needed from each shareholder and director, including state passports, international passports, and utility bills for each director and shareholder. Other documents may be requested in the incorporation process.

Yes, company registration in Romania is fully possible through a notarized power of attorney. With documents stamped under Hague certification, progress moves forward. From submission to receiving official registration proof, every phase operates at a distance. Travel to Romanian territory becomes unnecessary once paperwork follows legal channels. Approval arrives by mail or digital delivery, depending on local procedures. Each step unfolds without presence being required on site. Legal representation handles filings while you stay abroad. The structure stays valid as long as forms meet current standards. National rules allow external applicants equal access under these conditions. Final confirmation comes after review by licensing authorities.

5–10 business days is normal for a standard setup if the paperwork meets requirements. With remote filing, a span of 10–15 business days often applies due to delays across borders and shipping intervals.

The minimum share capital is just 200 RON (around €40), which is all that’s needed as initial share capital, among the smallest thresholds across European Union nations. Into the firm’s designated bank account, this sum should go without delay.

Corporate income tax stands at 16%, while those opting for microenterprise status face a rate between 1% and 3%. Value-added tax applies at 19%, although lower percentages exist depending on product or service type. When profits are distributed, an 8% levy affects dividends. Payroll obligations emerge once employees join the company. Tax liability shifts based on how the enterprise is organised and its earnings level.

Foreign individuals may hold full ownership under Romanian legislation, without needing resident partners. Ownership by one non-resident person is permitted within an SRL structure. The legal framework does not demand domestic involvement in leadership roles. Complete control remains allowable for overseas founders.

A rate between 1% and 3% of income applies under the microenterprise system, compared to a 16% share of earnings elsewhere. Simpler recordkeeping rules exist alongside fewer paperwork demands. Well-suited are new ventures and modest firms earning less than half a million euros per year. It's ideal for small businesses and startups with revenues below €500,000 (equivalent to RON 2,500,000) annually.

Not every bank in Romania allows accounts to be opened online through video checks. Some insist on face-to-face meetings or a legally authorized person acting on your behalf. Depending on your schedule, support is provided either way, linking you to institutions aligned with how and when you can proceed.

VAT registration in Romania begins with gathering the required documents. Following document preparation, submission occurs through the tax office portal. Instead of immediate approval, verification takes place within several business days. Upon validation, a certificate arrives by electronic means. Finally, obligations start once confirmation is received. Submitting a request to ANAF, alongside company formation papers and information on operations, begins the VAT registration process. Once annual revenue passes RON 395,000 yearly (about €78,000), enrollment becomes required, though businesses may join earlier if desired. The review period usually lasts between 5 and 10 working days. Following approval, issuance of the VAT certificate allows invoicing with tax included.

Absolutely, foreigners can launch companies in the Czech Republic with the same rights and requirements as local citizens.

Typically 2-3 weeks. Faster registration is available, taking just 3 work days.

Just 1 CZK!

No, fully remote registration is possible. Some bank procedures might require physical presence.

The Czech Commercial Register includes all statutory company data: name, address, form, capital, management, and a Collection of Documents.

Yes, most banks allow it. However, due to AML requirements, personal presence might sometimes be needed.

The standard Corporate Income Tax rate since 2024 is 21% — no regional taxes.

You'll need a notarized foundation document, the director's consent, proof of capital deposit, a criminal record certificate, registered address confirmation, and administrative fee payment for the Czech Commercial Register.

Our process is simple and efficient. First, we discuss your planned business structure, taking into account your needs and goals. Next, we manage the process of preparing and submitting all the necessary documents. Thanks to our professional support, you can be sure that the process will run smoothly and without delays. We will support you at every stage so that you can focus on your internal processes and business growth goals.

Several key documents are required to register a company: founders’ identification details and KYC questionnaires, incorporation/statutory documents, and confirmation of the company’s legal address. Sometimes, a physical office, business plans, or financial projections are required. Additional permits or licenses may be necessary, depending on your chosen jurisdiction, business type, or industry. Experts at Icon.Partners will help you draft, prepare, and submit all the necessary documents to ensure the legality of your business.

When starting a business abroad, you need to ensure you fully understand your expansion plans, business goals, and target markets. Is that specific foreign country fit for such an endeavor? Then it’s time to choose your business structure (entity type, number of founders, etc.). Next, you’ll need to prepare and submit all the necessary documents, taking into account local legal requirements.

Our most popular jurisdictions include the UK, the US, and the BVI. These countries offer their own favorable tax conditions and a stable legal environment for business. Keep in mind: the choice of jurisdiction may depend on the industry, your target market, and your tax preferences.

In everyday language, these terms are often used interchangeably, as synonyms, and that’s generally acceptable. Formally speaking, business formation refers to the overall process of initiating a commercial venture. Incorporation, on the other hand, involves creating a distinct legal entity (such as a corporation or LLC).

The cost of incorporation will include the fees and charges of both the government and your legal consultants. The overall sum depends on the chosen jurisdiction, type of company, and additional services.

Many countries do not require residency to register a company. However, certain jurisdictions may still need a local agent, director, or other representative.

The timeframe can vary from a few days to several weeks, depending on the jurisdiction and the complexity of your business structure. But these terms can significantly shift depending on how smoothly everything goes: - Is your paperwork complete? - Are you planning any activities that may be regulated? - Are authorities quick to respond? All these details can fast-track your launch or slow it down. We also cannot forget a human factor — in common, companies with multiple founders will spend more time preparing for registration. Good news: some countries offer expedited services for an additional fee.

Usually, you will need the incorporation/statutory documents, the founders' IDs, other KYC/AML documentation, and proof of the company’s address. Expect a few extras if your business falls into a regulated or specialized category.

Yes, an incorporated business can open a bank account. To do so, you will typically need to provide corporate documents, identification details, proof of business activity, and information on the purpose and expected usage of the account.

Standard Panama company formation files are often incorporated within days once the documents are in order; timelines depend on the Registry's workload and KYC responsiveness.

An S.A./IBC requires three directors; one person can hold multiple officer roles, but not all of them, so each director may additionally be a President, Treasurer or Secretary.

Yes, foreign ownership is permitted for standard corporate forms.

Territoriality: foreign-source income is generally outside Panama corporate tax; local income is taxed at standard rates.

Panama company registration can be completed remotely via a resident agent. For banking, requirements vary by institution; EMIs are typically fully remote, but policies vary.

In practice, the IBC is an S.A. used for international operations; both provide limited liability and flexible governance.

Yes. Entities must maintain accounting records and notify the resident agent where they are kept.

Annual franchise tax, timely record-keeping, and updates to beneficial-owner data with the resident agent where required.

Yes. Lithuania allows 100% foreign ownership and remote registration. It’s entirely possible to open a company in Lithuania without setting foot in the country. By granting a local representative a Power of Attorney, a foreign entrepreneur can have a UAB registered in as little as five business days. All you need are notarized copies of IDs and company data sent to your agent.

The standard minimum share capital for a UAB is €2,500. By law, you must deposit at least 25% of this amount (about €625) into the company’s bank account before registration (the remaining balance can be paid later).

A typical time frame is 1–3 weeks. Once documents are in order, the Register usually processes incorporation within 3 business days. Additional time may be needed for notarization, bank account setup, and delivery of documents.

No. Lithuanian law does not require residents to be represented in the company. You need at least one director, but that person can be of any nationality or residence. All shareholders may also be foreigners.

Not directly. Lithuania’s e-Residency provides a digital ID and e-signature, but it does not currently allow users to register a company online or open a business account fully through the platform. The program is still being expanded. For now, remote entrepreneurs use traditional registration processes (via Power of Attorney) rather than the e-Residency portal.

Typically: certified copies of all founders’ passports or ID cards, proof of their address, and details of the business (proposed name, activities). These must be notarized (and apostilled if from abroad). You will also need a Lithuanian address for the company. Icon.Partners prepares and translates the necessary Articles and forms on your behalf.

Yes, Lithuania is very fintech-friendly. It has attracted many financial startups and electronic money institutions (EMIs) – even Revolut established operations here.

Pick a name, then choose your entity — LLC or corporation. Search the NY corporate registry to make sure the name’s unique. File with the NY Department of State: use a Certificate of Incorporation for corporations or Articles of Organization for LLCs. Include a registered agent, then get an EIN from the IRS. If it’s an LLC, publish the required notice in local papers and file the Certificate of Publication. Finally, hold initial meetings and file your first Biennial Statement by your due date.

Basic state fees are 125 USD for a domestic corporation and 200 USD for an LLC. Foreign business filings cost 225 USD. LLCs also have publication costs (newspapers can charge 100–1,000 USD plus a 50 USD state filing. Biennial Statements are 9 USD every two years. If you hire services, add those costs.

Yes, New York’s Business Express portal lets you file most formation documents electronically.

Yes. New York law requires every LLC or corporation to have a registered agent or registered office in NY. If you don’t appoint one, the Secretary of State serves as your default agent. Many companies hire a commercial registered agent service to receive legal mail. Just be sure the agent has a physical NY street address and is available during business hours.

Apply online at the IRS website. You need to do this after forming your business in New York. You’ll need a responsible party’s Social Security Number or ITIN to complete the form. Once approved, the IRS issues the EIN immediately, and you can use it for taxes and banking.

To officially set up your LLC in California, you’ll need to: pick a unique name, file your Articles of Organization with a $70 fee, appoint a registered agent in California, get an EIN from the IRS, and file your initial Statement of Information for $20. You’ll also pay an $800 annual franchise tax and keep up with ongoing filings. With our service, we can often handle steps 2–5 for you, making the process fast and error-free.

As for costs, the main fees are $70 to file your Articles, $20 for the initial Statement, the $800 yearly franchise tax, and $20 every two years for updated Statements. You’ll also need a registered agent, which typically costs $100–$300 a year, plus any local licenses or permits. There’s no minimum capital requirement, and getting an EIN is free. If you use a formation service like ours, we quote a package price including all these fees and the work involved.

No. Anyone, including non-U.S. residents or foreign nationals, can form an LLC in California.

It can be very quick. Online filings via the Secretary of State’s BizFile system are often processed within hours to a few business days. Paper filings take longer (several weeks). In practice, with correct paperwork, you might get approval in 1–5 business days.

Yes. Once your California LLC is formed and you have an EIN, you can open a U.S. business bank account. In fact, Icon.Partners supports the opening of accounts in U.S. banks or fintech companies. This allows you to operate like any local business with your LLC.

Yes. California law requires every LLC to create an Operating Agreement. This internal document governs ownership percentages, voting rights, profit distribution, and management. You do not file it with the state, but you must have one in your records. If you skip it, the state default rules apply (which may not reflect your intentions).

Whether you’re asking “how to start an LLC in California” or are ready to create an LLC in California, our team is here to guide you. Contact Icon.Partners for a free consultation about forming your California LLC and taking advantage of all the tax and business opportunities this state offers. We will take care of the paperwork, fees, and details so you can focus on your business.

When registering a company in Hungary, you’ll usually need to provide the Articles of Association (signed and notarized), the company’s name and registered address, and details of the shareholders and directors, including passport copies and proof of address. If a shareholder is a legal entity, you may also need a signature specimen and some additional documents.

You don’t need to go there in person – the company can be set up remotely by giving a power of attorney to a local lawyer in Hungary. Just keep in mind that your documents will need to be notarized and apostilled.

Once all the required documents are submitted, registering a company typically takes up to 2 weeks.

The minimum authorized capital of a Kft (Korlátolt Felelősségű Társaság – limited liability company) is 3,000,000 forints, which now is approximately 7,500 euros.

Yes, foreign individuals and legal entities can own 100% of a Hungarian company.

Yes, Hungarian law allows the use of a virtual office as a company's registered address.

Opening a bank account remotely is possible, but this may depend on the policy of the specific bank.

The registration fee is dependent on the chosen method of registration, with prices ranging from 220 to 360 euros.

Yes, it is possible since Portugal allows online registration, which can be done without your presence.

The following documents are required: valid identification documents (passports and identity documents of all shareholders); the company’s articles of association; a certificate confirming the company name; a business plan; documents for opening a bank account in Portugal; a lease agreement for the company building; and proof of financial capability.

The registration process itself is quick, taking about one to three days. However, the preparation process can take a month or more.

IRC rates have been reduced by 1%. The general rate has decreased from 21% to 20%, and the rate applicable to SMEs and small mid-caps on the first €50,000 of taxable income has decreased from 17% to 16%.

Yes, a local address is essential for starting a company.

Yes, it's possible, but not all banks offer this option.

The LDA is the most popular legal structure for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Portugal. The SA structure is usually favored by larger businesses or those planning to attract investment through public offerings. This structure provides greater credibility and supports a more complex ownership structure.

Start by choosing a bank that caters to offshore clients. Fill out their application form and provide your documents like ID, address proof, and details regarding where your funds come from. A few banks may ask for a video call or a minimum investment.

Yes, you can open offshore accounts in Dubai even if you are a non-resident. Most banks offer these facilities, although you may need to provide additional documentation to confirm your identity and source of funds.

The UAE is often viewed as an attractive jurisdiction due to its tax environment, banking privacy standards within applicable law, and strong support for cross-border payments, capital management, and foreign currency balances.

You will generally need: Valid passport copy Proof of address (utility bill) Proof of income or source of funds (salary receipts, contracts, etc.) Ref letter from your bank A short statement of the reason for opening the account Some banks may also ask for a basic CV.

Yes, nearly all Dubai offshore banks offer comprehensive online banking.

Non-resident offshore accounts may take 1–3 weeks in straightforward cases, while business accounts can take 4–6 weeks or longer depending on the structure and compliance review.

Commonly considered options for non-resident applicants include: Emirates NBD Dubai Islamic Bank Standard Chartered RAKBANK HSBC Middle East

Generally, UAE offshore banking is safe. The UAE has a very regulated financial industry and strong legal frameworks in place that will protect investors and their investments.

To open a Swiss bank account as a non-resident, you need to provide identification documents, proof of address, and complete the bank’s due diligence process.

Minimum deposit starts from 10,000 CHF; however, a lot would also depend on the bank, account type, client status, etc.

Yes, you can open a Swiss bank account online, but a lot of banks still ask you to visit a branch or finish the online process via email.

Swiss bank accounts are among the most confidential in the world, and the country’s economy is stable. They grant you a high level of security.

The Swiss bank account opening process typically takes between 1 and 4 weeks.

Yes, many Swiss banks offer English-speaking support to accommodate their international clients.

Yes, Swiss banks are fully capable of supporting international business transactions.

To open bank account UK as a non-resident company, choose a bank or financial platform, prepare corporate documents, complete the application, and pass AML and corporate KYC checks. This is the basic answer to how do you open a bank account in the UK when the applicant is a business.

Yes, in many cases you can open UK bank account from abroad. Some fintech platforms and financial institutions allow companies to open a bank account online UK, although additional verification may still be required.

To open a UK business bank account, companies usually need incorporation documents, information about directors and shareholders, ownership structure, source of funds, business description, and sometimes a website link or contracts.

Opening a bank account in the UK can take from a few hours to 1–14 days with fintech platforms. Traditional banks may take longer, depending on the company structure, country of registration, and compliance checks.

Yes, a foreign company can often open a UK bank account remotely. The process depends on the bank or fintech provider, business activity, country of registration, and quality of documents.

Yes, there are online bank account UK options for non-resident companies. Wise Business, Revolut Business, Tide, and other providers may offer remote onboarding depending on the company profile.

Fees depend on the provider, account type, transactions, currency exchange, and additional services. Some fintech platforms have low monthly fees, while traditional banks may charge maintenance and transaction fees.

A UK address is not always required to open a business bank account online UK, especially with fintech platforms. However, some traditional banks may request a UK business address or additional confirmation of company activity.

To understand how to open a bank account in UK for business, start by choosing the right provider, preparing corporate documents, completing the online application, and passing compliance checks. Icon.Partners can help with how to open a business bank account UK and select the most suitable option.

Yes, can a non UK resident open a bank account is a common question, and the answer is yes for many companies. The key is to meet the provider’s AML and corporate KYC requirements.

For B2B purposes, foreign companies can open a bank account in the UK if they meet compliance requirements and provide the necessary corporate documents.

If you are wondering how to open up a bank account for a company, the process includes selecting a bank or fintech platform, submitting corporate documents, completing verification, and activating the account after approval.

Yes, foreign companies can open a bank account in Hong Kong from abroad, although the process often requires additional verification, corporate documents, and compliance checks. In some cases, banks may request a meeting or use licensed intermediaries or fintech platforms.

To open a business bank account in Hong Kong, companies usually need incorporation documents, information about directors and shareholders, business address details, proof of sources of funds, proof of business activity, corporate KYC documents, and a company overview.

The timeline depends on the bank, company structure, and completeness of documents. Opening a corporate bank account in Hong Kong may take from several days to several weeks.

Some fintech platforms and selected financial institutions allow remote setup for foreign companies. Traditional banks may still require additional verification or a meeting.

The best option depends on the company profile, business geography, expected transactions, and compliance requirements. Foreign businesses often compare HSBC, Citibank, DBS, Bank of China, Statrys, Neat, Airwallex and other alternatives.

The minimum deposit depends on the bank, account type, and company profile. Some banks also require a minimum monthly balance and charge maintenance or closure fees.

Applications may be rejected due to incomplete corporate documents, unclear source of funds, complex ownership structure, high-risk business activity, or mismatch with the bank’s compliance policy.

Yes, many Hong Kong banks and fintech platforms offer multi-currency business account in Hong Kong options, allowing companies to hold and transact in currencies such as USD, EUR, HKD, and CNY.

The minimum share capital for company incorporation in Latvia varies by type: Limited liability company (SIA) — 2,800 EUR; Joint-Stock Company (AS) — 35,000 EUR.

Yes. A foreigner can open a company in Latvia without needing to relocate or reside in the country.

Company formation in Latvia takes 1 to 3 business days after all documents are submitted to the Register of Enterprises, excluding the submission day. The review period may be extended.

The main taxes for Latvian companies are: Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Value Added Tax (VAT) Withholding Tax (on certain payments to non-residents)

Yes, a Latvian address is required. However, you do not need a local representative.

The procedure for opening an account in a Latvian bank can be remote, but some institutions require a personal meeting of the client for physical identification and signing of banking forms. By agreement, the meeting can also be arranged via videoconference.

The Limited Liability Company (SIA) is the most common type of company in Latvia.

Absolutely. Latvia is suitable for IT and crypto businesses.

Luxembourg company registration takes 2-4 weeks on average.

In Sàrl (private limited company), the minimum amount of share capital that has to be subscribed fully at incorporation is 12,000 euros. In SARL-S (Simplified Sàrl), the minimum amount of share capital that has to be subscribed ranges from 1 euro to 12,000 euros.

There is no need for a physical office, but the firm must have a registered office in Luxembourg.

In many circumstances, yes. A corporation might do business remotely and have neither employees nor an office in Luxembourg.

Yes, it is one of the most popular jurisdictions for holding structures in the European Union.

Sure. The IRS provides routes for international applicants, such as phone, fax, and mail options, when the principal place of business is outside the United States.

Yes. We will coordinate LLC formation where it fits your selected business model and associated risks, but for venture-facing tech companies, we typically recommend a stronger corporation-style setup.

We usually coordinate onboarding with fintech banks/EMIs that onboard international founders. We do not work with national/state banks, and we do not act under Power of Attorney.

Historically, a VASP license in Poland was an AML Act registration for crypto exchanges and brokerage, now being replaced by the EU-mandated CASP license under MiCA.

The formal KNF process can take a few months, but the actual timeline depends on the pending national law.

The new CASP license covers a wide range of activities, including custody, trading platforms, exchange, order execution, advising, portfolio management, and re-allows crypto lending.

No, the applicant must be an EU-headquartered legal entity, but at least one director and effective management must be in the EU.

Yes, a CASP license requires a physical office in Poland and a designated AML/CTF officer.

Yes, it's possible to open a corporate bank account for a crypto company in Poland or another EU entity, requiring AML/CTF compliance.

Crypto companies face Corporate Income Tax (CIT 19%, 9% for small firms), VAT (0% on exchange, 23% on goods/services).

Yes, Poland is actively pursuing full MiCA compliance, with a shortened transition period and national law in the final legislative stages.

A substantial set of documents is required, including company registration and financial papers, personnel qualification proofs, and detailed internal policies and procedures, notably for AML/KYC.

To get a crypto license in Canada, your company must register with FINTRAC as a Money Services Business. Start by forming a Canadian entity (or confirming your status for FMSB) and designating a compliance officer. You then prepare an AML/CFT program (risk assessments, KYC/AML policies, record-keeping, etc.) and submit these documents to FINTRAC. If your crypto activities involve securities (e.g., trading tokens for profit), consult provincial securities commissions for any additional registration. Once submitted, FINTRAC reviews the application and replies with approval or questions (typically within a few weeks).

An MSB (Money Services Business) license is for companies incorporated in Canada that have a Canadian presence. An FMSB (Foreign MSB) registration is for non-Canadian firms without a Canadian office, serving Canadian customers remotely. In short, MSBs operate on the ground in Canada; FMSBs operate online, targeting Canada. You must choose the correct type when applying with FINTRAC.

The timeline is usually measured in weeks or a few months. Preparing documents and compliance programs takes about 3–4 weeks. FINTRAC often processes applications within ~2 weeks. In practice, many sources cite 8–10 weeks for full registration.

FINTRAC does not charge any registration fees for MSB or FMSB licenses. This makes Canada very affordable for crypto startups. The main costs are those you incur preparing your compliance documents, any legal advice, and corporate setup expenses. Provincial filings (like incorporating the company) may have nominal fees, but the federal crypto license itself is free.

Yes. In Canada, cryptocurrency is treated as a commodity or property. Any gains from crypto trading are taxable, typically as business income or capital gains. Crypto exchanges must collect and report transaction records to comply with tax law. If you charge trading or exchange fees, you must register for and remit GST/HST on those fees (since they are a service). Keep detailed records of all crypto transactions for the Canada Revenue Agency.

Yes, through the FMSB framework. A foreign crypto firm can serve Canadian clients without a local office by registering as an FMSB with FINTRAC.

It usually ranges from AED 100K to over AED 1.5M, depending on the license type and VARA’s review.

You’ll need to get initial approval and then submit a full VASP application with compliance documents.

You’ll need a business plan, IDs of owners, AML/KYC policies, governance docs, and proof of capital.

Yes, but you must get a specialized VARA exchange license with strict compliance checks.

VARA regulates, licenses, and monitors crypto companies to keep the market safe and transparent.

Anywhere from 2 to 12 months, depending on your business model and how ready your documents are.

No, crypto income isn’t taxed – Dubai has no income or capital gains tax.

DMCC, DWTC, and DAFZA are the most popular free zones for crypto businesses.

Yes, foreign entrepreneurs can fully own their companies if they register in a free zone.

A trading license covers general business, while an exchange license is for running a crypto exchange.

The Securities and Futures Commission (SFC).

About 12 months.

HKD 5 million paid-up capital, HKD 3 million liquid assets.

Verify users, monitor and report suspicious activity, comply with Travel Rule.

Should be SFC-approved, take exams, and meet fit-and-proper requirements; at least two ROs are required.

Yes, as long as both the compliance and capital requirements for either are met.

No tax on capital gain; company tax 8.25%-16.5%; individual income tax maximum 17%.

Yes, if locally incorporated and fully meeting all SFC requirements.

Strong custody, cold storage, secure key storage of wallet, real-time monitoring, and local data storage.

Yes, but they will have to comply with Hong Kong law and client jurisdictions' local laws.

Capital requirements from €50,000.

After preparing and submitting all necessary documents, at least 3 months.

Yes, you can not do without a physical office in Estonia.

Yes, it is possible, but at least one member of the business's management team must be a resident of Estonia.

The AML officer is responsible for developing and implementing KYC/AML policies, training staff, reporting, and cooperating with the regulatory authority.

Yes, it must be submitted annually.

Depending on what you choose, the license allows for cryptocurrency exchange and trading platform services, cryptocurrency and wallet storage services, crypto-fiat and crypto-crypto transactions, execution of orders on behalf of clients, crypto asset transfer services, as well as providing advice on crypto assets and portfolio management.

Yes (indicate the desired activities when submitting your application).

Finantsinspektsioon sets supervisory fees annually in accordance with applicable regulations.

Cryptocurrency is not accepted as a form of payment for share capital.

The difference between CASP and VASP licenses relates to their scope of usage and regulatory specificity. Specifically, VASP operates globally in accordance with international standards. In contrast, CASP is only applicable within the EU region.

Yes. The entire process can be completed remotely. This includes company incorporation and license application. Power of attorney is required.

Currently, under MiCA (CASP license), the minimum share capital is €50,000.

Yes. At least one AML officer must be based in Lithuania. Additionally, some banking partners may require a local director.

Obtaining a CASP license under MiCA in Lithuania usually takes between four and six months.

Yes, foreign ownership is allowed.

Exchanging cryptocurrencies, trading virtual assets for fiat currency, facilitating transfers of digital assets between users, and safeguarding or managing virtual assets via custody services.

Currently, no mandatory external audit for VASPs (CASPs), but proper accounting and AML compliance are required.

To comply with the law, you must appoint an AML officer in Lithuania, implement KYC/transaction monitoring, and report suspicious transactions to the Financial Crimes Information Service (FCIS).

No. Share capital must be contributed in fiat currency to a Lithuanian bank account.No. Share capital must be contributed in fiat currency to a Lithuanian bank account.

You can submit an online application through the FCA portal.

The company must be registered under UK law, have a UK office, and engage in or facilitate cryptoasset activities in the UK.

The fee to register a crypto license in the UK is £11,150, and there is an annual (periodic) fee.

Yes, you do.

It can take from 3 to 6 months, depending on how complete the application is.

Main activities: Cryptocurrency Exchanges Wallet Providers ICO and STO Platforms

Yes, profits from crypto may be subject to Capital Gains Tax or Income Tax.

Yes, a non-resident can incorporate the crypto company in the UK.

The FCA crypto license in the UK is essentially a registration under the AML/CTF regime. While it's not officially called a license, it functions similarly, as providing certain crypto services in the UK requires this registration.

The UK is developing its own regulatory framework inspired by MiCA, which the FCA aims to implement by 2026.

FINMA does not issue a separate “crypto license,” but does grant permission to operate as a financial intermediary (VASP).

From 2 to 3 months after submitting a complete package of documents, it all depends on the complexity of the application and the speed of communication.

For GmbH — CHF20,000, for AG — CHF100,000. In the case of a banking license, a minimum of CHF10,000,000.

Yes. At least one Swiss resident director and a physical office are required.

Yes, if the company holds client assets.

Around CHF3,500 per year

Mining, staking, airdrops, and owned tokens are subject to declaration and tax as company income.

An annual external audit is required, including a review of financial statements and AML compliance.

Yes, foreigners can establish a crypto business in Switzerland.

FINMA divides tokens into three types: payment, utility, and asset tokens.

- Reducing risks during the project launch - Identifying ways to reduce the volume of compliance requirements - Increasing attractiveness for investors

- Selecting the most suitable jurisdiction, taking into account the favorability of the jurisdiction for your type of activity and other important factors.

- We have reliable partners in over 40 jurisdictions and a deep understanding of the challenges involved in establishing and maintaining a company in each country. This gives the opportunity to quickly and correctly resolve all the issues, avoiding penalties.

- We have a database of financial institutions that can help you open an account and start conducting business in a shorter time frame.

- Meeting European requirements for crypto assets - Reducing the risk of sanctions and fines - Expanding the market

- Protecting client data - Avoiding fines for non-compliance

- Professional appearance and legal protection of the website and you as the site operator

- Ensuring compliance with MiCA and increasing chances of attracting investors and clients

- Professional legal support at all stages of the ICO - Increasing the likelihood of successful fundraising

Yes, if dealing in cryptocurrency. From exchanges and wallet providers to ICO platforms, all must register with the National Bank of Georgia and obtain a VASP license.

Think of it as the government’s approval to run your crypto business. It’s the official permit issued by the NBG that allows a company to legally offer crypto-related services in Georgia.

Key aspects include forming a Georgian LLC or JSC, appointing a local director, leasing an office, and having robust AML/KYC control in place. You also need a compliant business plan and clean leadership backgrounds.

The one-time state fee is roughly 5,000 GEL. This is the regulator’s official cost. Of course, you’ll also have other setup expenses like company registration, legal advice, and office rent, etc.

Georgia’s tax policy on crypto is very lenient. Individuals pay 0% tax on crypto profits, and crypto-to-fiat exchanges are VAT-exempt. For businesses, corporate tax is 15% on profits (but only when profits are distributed). In practical terms, most crypto trading or mining income is effectively tax-free.

About two months, depending on the condition of your documents and the regulator's speed of review.

Yes, you will need to have a bank account where the share capital can be paid in, which is an obligatory part of the license application.

The license covers crypto-to-fiat and crypto-to-crypto exchanges, custodian wallet services, and crypto trading platforms.

Czech crypto businesses are taxed at 21% corporate tax. Dividends are taxed at 15%, although this can be reduced by tax treaties. Most exchange transactions are exempt from VAT.

Local presence in the Czech Republic is required at least in the form of a registered office, and strategic control must occur from within the EU.

Although a Czech s.r.o. can be established for only 1 CZK, MiCA necessitates holding €50,000–€150,000 of capital, depending on your business nature.

A Czech crypto license is issued for an unlimited number of years.

No, there are no special residency or nationality requirements for the founders of a Czech crypto company.

Applicants must provide a full set of documents. You'll need personal ID and proof of residency, a business plan, an AML/CFT policy, internal procedures, proof of capital, and documents for all key team members.

Yes, a Czech crypto license provides you with access to the EU market, and you can offer crypto services to other EU countries without obtaining new licenses in each.

RWA tokenization is the creation of digital tokens that represent rights to real-world assets, such as real estate, shares, or debt obligations.

The asset is legally structured (often through an SPV), then a smart contract issues tokens representing shares in it. Investors pass KYC/AML checks, and all transactions and payouts can be automated on blockchain.

The process usually includes asset valuation, legal structuring, smart contract development, auditing, and token issuance through a licensed platform. In structurally simple private offerings, technical deployment may take 2–8 weeks; however, regulatory approvals and licensing requirements may significantly extend the timeline, and cost depends on the asset, jurisdiction, and structure complexity.

The audit confirms the existence of the asset, legal ownership rights, and the security of the smart contracts. A risk assessment evaluates legal, technical, and operational risks, including custody risks, oracle risks, and the risk of "double-pledging" the asset.

Key risks include different regulations across countries, potential technical vulnerabilities, difficulty integrating with traditional banking systems, and the risk of low liquidity if market demand is low.

Many issuers first ask what is Reg S before deciding between exemptions. Reg D vs Reg S offerings differ primarily in investor location and solicitation rules. Reg D applies to domestic investors with strict accreditation verification, while Reg S facilitates offshore distribution without U.S. registration.

Rule 506(b) token offerings restrict general solicitation and permit a limited number of non-accredited investors. Rule 506(c) allows broader marketing but requires stringent accredited investor verification.

Applying the Howey test ensures proper classification of RWA tokens, helping issuers determine eligibility for Reg D private placement or Reg S exemption offerings. Tokens that fail to meet security criteria may be marketed more freely but require careful legal analysis.

Transfer restrictions and whitelisting are key to staying compliant with Rule 506 Reg D, and Reg S. Automated smart contracts help enforce these rules, keeping investors and secondary markets within legal limits. This page provides general info on RWA tokenization and U.S. compliance. It’s not legal advice—consult a qualified lawyer before taking any action.

The first step is to look at what the asset represents and its economic function.

That depends on the target group, the number of persons approached, the investment size, and the wider placement plan.

The main challenge is keeping the setup, communications, and access terms aligned across jurisdictions.

A strong framework usually combines legal drafting, onboarding checks, and technical enforcement.

It is a foundational legal document between two entities that sets out the universal conditions of their long-term cooperation.

You require this framework when anticipating an ongoing relationship with a vendor or client, or when managing a complex IT development lifecycle.

Yes. Once the MSA is signed, you simply attach new Statements of Work (SOWs) for different assignments, without altering the core legal tenets.

A premium-grade contract encompasses the range of core outputs, non-disclosure clauses (NDAs), and intellectual property assignment protocols.

Yes. An NDA agreement is generally enforceable if it is clearly drafted, tied to a legitimate business purpose, and not overly broad under the applicable law.

Yes. In practice, businesses use an employee confidentiality agreement for internal staff and a vendor non-disclosure agreement for external service providers to control access to sensitive information.

If a non-disclosure agreement is breached, the injured party may pursue damages, injunctive relief, and require return or deletion of materials, along with other remedies depending on the governing law.

Timing depends on complexity, but a tailored confidentiality agreement can usually be prepared quickly once the parties, the purpose of disclosure, and the business context are clearly defined.

An investment agreement is a contract that sets out the terms on which funding is provided to a business. It should not be confused with an investment management agreement, which governs how one party manages investment assets on behalf of another.

That depends on the deal, but investor rights may include economic rights, information rights, consent rights, approval rights, and pro rata rights.

Yes, especially in straightforward deals. Even so, a simple document should still cover the amount invested, what the investor receives, closing mechanics, and the effect on ownership.

The right structure depends on the stage of the business, valuation certainty, timing, tax and corporate considerations, and the degree of protection expected by the investor.

To open a Swiss corporate bank account as a non-resident, banks usually ask for company incorporation documents, information on directors and beneficial owners, and basic details about the business, expected transactions, and source of funds. Some foreign documents may also need to be apostilled, translated, or certified.

It depends on the bank and the client profile, but for non-resident corporate accounts it usually starts from around CHF 10,000.

Yes, in some cases, but banks may still require additional verification or certain parts of the process to be completed in person, especially for non-resident corporate applicants.

Yes, as long as they are used in line with tax, AML, and compliance rules. Switzerland is known for financial stability, strong banking standards, and a well-established regulatory framework.

Usually between 1 and 4 weeks, depending on the bank, the documentation provided, and the compliance review for the non-resident corporate client.

Yes, many Swiss banks offer support in English, especially when working with international and non-resident corporate clients.

Yes, Swiss corporate accounts can be used for international business transactions, subject to the bank’s compliance policies and the client’s business profile.

This is an agreement between two parties concerning the development of software, whereby one party undertakes to develop the product and the other receives the result.

By default, the code belongs to the party that created it; therefore, it is essential to draft the contract properly to ensure that all deliverables are assigned to the client.

In fact, an NDA is essential, as it protects confidential information that may be of great importance to both parties.

This is possible to some extent, but it is important that the template is tailored to the specific situation and covers all necessary aspects; therefore, using a template ‘as is’ is not recommended.

Yes, a SAFE is a legally binding agreement. It does not give the investor a share immediately, but records their right to receive it in the future under defined conditions. After signing, both parties are obligated to comply with these conditions.

Not "better," but simpler. A SAFE is not debt, so there are no interest rates or repayment deadlines — this is convenient for a startup. A convertible note gives the investor more protection, but creates a financial burden on the company.

Usually — during the next investment round, when the company's valuation appears. Also, conversion can occur upon the sale of the business or an IPO. Until this moment, the investor is not yet a co-owner.

Yes, they can. Although there are standard templates (for example, YC SAFE), investors often agree on a valuation cap, a discount, or additional rights. Therefore, SAFE terms are not "once and for all," but a subject of negotiation.

Enforceability depends on the jurisdiction and on whether the restrictions are reasonable and aimed at protecting legitimate business interests.

Their enforcement is generally easier, as they specifically target the protection of clients and staff members.

Yes, both non-compete and non-solicitation agreements can be utilized by a company in tandem for full coverage against any competitive threats.

Breach can lead to court action, compensation, and other liabilities as mentioned in the agreement.

It is a flexible form of short-term debt. Early-stage tech companies and innovative businesses seeking funding use this instrument to delay putting a strict valuation on the company until a later, much larger equity round.

Early investors provide convertible note funding to a startup, and instead of receiving their principal plus interest back in cash, they receive company shares at a later date based on agreed-upon terms. Founders who need to close capital quickly without issuing immediate equity benefit from the speed and simplicity of a convertible loan.

Conversion usually happens during a “qualified financing” round when the startup successfully raises a specified amount in a priced equity round from a new pool of investors.

It depends. A convertible note gives investors repayment rights and interest, which many early backers still prefer. A SAFE keeps everything lighter but offers less protection – perfect when both sides want maximum speed.

The difference between a share purchase agreement and a stock purchase agreement lies primarily in terminology and jurisdiction. The former term is more commonly used for shares in companies, while the latter is used for corporate stock. Both documents serve similar purposes but may differ in structural details.

A standard contract can be a good starting point, but it needs to be tailored. In complex transactions, it does not account for all the nuances. It is better to use customized solutions tailored to the specific transaction and its legal and commercial risks.

A data processing agreement is generally required when one party processes personal data on behalf of another. Under GDPR, this is a core compliance requirement in controller-processor relationships.

In practice, the terms DPA and data protection agreement are often used interchangeably. However, depending on context, a data protection agreement may sometimes be broader and include additional privacy or confidentiality clauses.

Both parties have responsibilities, but they are different. The controller remains primarily responsible for lawful processing, while the processor must follow instructions and comply with processor-specific GDPR obligations. This is why a well-drafted data processor agreement is so important.

A template may be a starting point, but it is rarely enough for real business use. A standard form often misses operational detail, negotiation points, and risk allocation. For meaningful compliance, a tailored data processing agreement is usually the safer option.

You assess the activity scope, register a Bahamas legal entity, prepare the SCB application package, appoint required officers, submit forms and documents, answer regulator questions, and receive approval before starting the regulated activity.

The Securities Commission of The Bahamas regulates digital asset businesses under the DARE Act 2024.

The Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Act, 2024, is the main legal framework for digital asset business in or from the Bahamas.

No. Registration is required where the company carries on regulated digital asset business in or from the Bahamas. Passive holding, treasury, or internal activities require separate analysis.

Yes. A Bahamas crypto exchange can be registered, but exchange models face higher fees, stricter reviews, and local presence expectations.

Official SCB fees depend on activity. Exchange fees are higher than other digital asset business fees. Legal, compliance, office, audit, and operating costs should be budgeted separately.

Yes. Registration must be renewed by 31st of January each year. The registrant must pay the annual renewal fee, submit the annual update and declaration, and maintain ongoing compliance, reporting, audit, and financial reporting obligations.

Yes, some digital banks and financial providers let businesses do everything online.

It includes company registration papers, shareholder details, company documents, and a tax identification number.

Opening a corporate account may take 1-4 weeks.

Yes, banking services in Spain are available to residents and non-residents.

A non-resident account is a special type of bank account for those who do not live in Spain permanently. The process of opening it is more complicated, often requires a non-resident certificate (Certificado de No Residente), may include higher commissions, and also provides fewer advantages compared to a resident account.

It depends on the chosen financial institution. Some banks will require physical presence during the entire registration process, while other institutions will allow to complete part of the stages, or even full registration, online.

Popular among foreigners are BBVA, Banco Sabadell, Santander.

Taking into account all stages of registration, including thorough preparation of documents — the process may last several months.

Yes. In most banks, either an NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero) or a Certificado de No Residente is mandatory. A passport alone is usually not sufficient.

Yes, you can. For non-resident companies, you'll likely need to use a service like Bordr to open an account remotely.

To open a bank account in Portugal, companies usually need company registration documents, shareholder details, director information, a Portuguese tax number (NIF), and proof of business activity. Some documents may need to be translated.

Absolutely! The most important step is getting your NIF first, which you can do from abroad. Once you have that, you can either visit a bank in person or use one of the services that helps with remote opening a Portuguese bank account.

It depends on your needs. There are traditional banks with physical branches and full services, and there are modern digital banks that offer lower fees and convenient apps. Many businesses also combine a local account with an international digital platform to simplify daily spending and transfers.

The process depends on the bank and company structure. If you have all your documents in order and visit a bank in person, it can be relatively quick. For non-residents using a remote service, expect it to take a little longer, usually between 2 to 4 weeks, to allow for document processing and mailing.

Yes, a few Portuguese banks have a presence in the USA, often through representative offices. This can be very helpful for business clients in the USA who want to handle financial matters in Portugal. For example, you have large American banks like J.P. Morgan operating in Portugal.

Yes, without a doubt. A NIF is absolutely mandatory for your bank account in Portugal. It is a crucial piece of identification for financial transactions in the country. So a NIF is the very first thing you need to get, whether you plan to open bank account Portugal in person or remotely.

Generally, a local address is preferred but not always mandatory. Some banks allow non-resident business accounts that can be opened without a Canadian address upfront. In practice, the company may provide a registered business address or overseas address. Banks may later request proof of address. It’s best to check with the specific bank’s business or non-resident program for details.

Yes. Several banks now let non-residents start the application online. After applying, you may still need to verify documents in person or by video later, but most of the setup can be done digitally.

Suppose you're wondering how to open a bank account in Canada as a foreign company. In that case, the process is usually straightforward — most banks allow you to book an appointment online or visit a branch with company documents, director details, shareholder information, and ID of authorized representatives. A business checking account coupled with a business savings account is ideal. Many companies choose business bank account Canada options from RBC, BMO, CIBC, TD, and other major banks.

You will need valid, original company documents and details of authorized representatives. Typically, this means business registration documents, corporate structure details, shareholder and director information, and tax details. Banks may also request proof of business activity and source of funds.

Yes, it is. If you own a Canadian business or corporation, you can open a Canadian business bank account. Banks will require your company’s registration documents and the IDs of directors and beneficial owners. As noted, business accounts are “ideal for managing finances, even as a non-resident,” running a business. You may need to visit Canada to finalize paperwork. Often, the same banks that serve personal accounts, including RBC, BMO, CIBC, and others, offer business accounts for non-resident companies.

Generally, there is no extra fee simply for being a non-resident company. You will pay the same fees as any other business account.

To open a bank account in Panama, you will need to choose a bank that matches your corporate profile. The documents required may vary, but typically include company documents, corporate structure details, information about directors and shareholders, and source of funds. Documents not in Spanish must be translated and apostilled if necessary.

Yes, non-resident companies can open corporate accounts in Panama, although the process requires stricter regulations and due diligence than residents.

The process usually takes 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the bank and the completeness of your documents. With a local representative, the process can go faster.

Some banks require a personal visit. However, some institutions allow remote account opening for corporate clients.

Yes. Panama has a stable banking system with over 80 licensed banks and strict banking secrecy laws, while adhering to international standards of transparency. Panama remains a respected offshore banking center.

Minimum deposit amounts vary depending on the bank and account type, but are typically between $5,000 and $25,000.

Yes, corporate accounts, especially through Panamanian International Business Companies or foreign entities, can often be opened remotely through legal representatives.

Panamanian banks offer: Offshore accounts, often through Panamanian International Business Companies (IBCs) or holding companies Each type of account may have its own requirements and benefits.

Yes, you can. For non-resident companies, you'll likely need to use a service like Bordr to open an account remotely.

To open a bank account in Portugal, companies usually need company registration documents, shareholder details, director information, a Portuguese tax number (NIF), and proof of business activity. Some documents may need to be translated.

Absolutely! The most important step is getting your NIF first, which you can do from abroad. Once you have that, you can either visit a bank in person or use one of the services that helps with remote opening a Portuguese bank account.

It depends on your needs. There are traditional banks with physical branches and full services, and there are modern digital banks that offer lower fees and convenient apps. Many businesses also combine a local account with an international digital platform to simplify daily spending and transfers.

The process depends on the bank and company structure. If you have all your documents in order and visit a bank in person, it can be relatively quick. For non-residents using a remote service, expect it to take a little longer, usually between 2 to 4 weeks, to allow for document processing and mailing.

Yes, a few Portuguese banks have a presence in the USA, often through representative offices. This can be very helpful for business clients in the USA who want to handle financial matters in Portugal. For example, you have large American banks like J.P. Morgan operating in Portugal.

Yes, without a doubt. A NIF is absolutely mandatory for your bank account in Portugal. It is a crucial piece of identification for financial transactions in the country. So a NIF is the very first thing you need to get, whether you plan to open bank account Portugal in person or remotely.